Factory-precast under stringent quality control,requiring extremely high dimensional accuracy to ensure correct tunnel alignment and circularity.Uses high-strength concrete and reinforcement to withstand significant earth/water pressures and surface loads.Provides very high impermeability and durability,ensuring a watertight tunnel throughout its design life.Segments are connected by high-strength bolts and sealed with elastic gaskets,forming a stable,reliable load-bearing ring.

Specifications are determined by design based on tunnel OD,depth,geology,etc.Key parameters include segment ID/OD,thickness,width,taper.High concrete strength and impermeability grades are standard.Strict durability requirements for chloride diffusion,carbonation resistance,etc.Precision of embedded parts is critical.

Exclusively for TBM-driven tunnels:metro tunnels,road/rail tunnels,river-crossing tunnels,utility tunnels.After ring assembly within the TBM's tail,the annulus between segments and ground is grouted.Segment quality directly impacts tunnel safety,service life,and watertightness.