Added in small quantities(typically 0.2%-5%by weight of cement)but produce significant effects.Can target the improvement of one or more specific concrete properties.E.g.,water reducers allow for large water reduction at constant workability(increasing strength/durability)or large workability increase at constant water content.Air-entrainers introduce fine,stable air bubbles for frost resistance.Set modifiers adjust hardening time.
Different admixture types have core performance indicators.For water reducers:water reduction rate,slump retention.For air-entrainers:entrained air content and stability.For set modifiers:difference in setting time.For shrinkage reducers/expansive agents:reduction in drying shrinkage/expansion rate.All have uniformity requirements(density,solid content,pH).
Indispensable in modern ready-mix and high-performance concrete.Virtually all special concretes(SCC,pumpable,frost-resistant,waterproof)rely on specific admixtures to achieve their functionality.In precast production,accelerators speed up demolding.Retarders for hot weather,antifreeze admixtures for cold weather concreting.Correct selection and use are central to concrete technology.
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