High refractoriness and load-bearing capacity at high temperatures,resisting melting and deformation.Good thermal shock resistance,withstanding rapid temperature changes without spalling.High-temperature volume stability,with minimal shrinkage or expansion during service.Possesses adequate mechanical strength to resist abrasion and impact.Can resist specific slag and gas corrosion depending on composition.

Classified mainly by maximum service temperature and material type,e.g.,normal(1000-1200°C),intermediate(1200-1400°C),high-duty(>1400°C).Key specs include:refractoriness,refractoriness under load(RUL)temperature,permanent linear change after firing,and cold/hot strength.Performance heavily depends on the grade of refractory aggregates and fillers used.

Widely used for linings in metallurgy:blast furnaces,hot blast stoves,reheating furnaces,soaking pits.In cement industry:kiln inlets,preheaters,tertiary air ducts.In petrochemical industry:FCC units,boiler combustion chambers.For incinerator furnaces and flues.Can be cast in place or pre-cast into shapes.